Many individuals notice short-term weight changes of about 1 to 2 kilograms (kg) within a three-week period, often as a result of shifts in diet or daily habits.
However, a more sudden or significant increase in weight may point to certain underlying medical conditions that should be evaluated and treated by a healthcare professional.
1. Medications
Some medications can lead to weight gain. These may include:
- Antipsychotic drugs
- Antidepressant medications
- Corticosteroids
- Medications for blood sugar control (e.g., diabetes treatments)
- Drugs for high blood pressure
- Insulin
Not all drugs within these groups will cause weight gain. However, if a person gains weight quickly, they should consult a doctor before making any changes to their prescribed treatment.
2. Sleep Issues (Insomnia)
There is evidence suggesting a possible link between insomnia and increased body weight or obesity, though findings are not always consistent.
Sleep deprivation can disrupt the body’s internal clock, or circadian rhythm, which may in turn influence:
- Hormones that regulate hunger
- Energy usage and calorie burn
- Food preferences and cravings
3. Smoking Cessation
Weight gain is a common occurrence after someone quits smoking.
Nicotine, found in cigarettes and other tobacco products, can suppress appetite and speed up metabolism. When someone stops using nicotine, they may feel hungrier and eat more, which can result in added weight.
4. Kidney Disorders
Unexpected weight gain accompanied by swelling in the lower limbs—such as the legs, ankles, or feet—could be a sign of kidney disease, including kidney failure or nephrotic syndrome.
The kidneys play a crucial role in removing waste and excess fluids from the body. When they’re not functioning properly, fluids can accumulate, leading to weight gain.
5. Liver Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is a condition in which healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue. This can lead to fluid retention in the abdomen, a condition known as ascites, which may cause:
- An increase in body weight
- Trouble breathing
- Swelling in the ankles
- Pain or discomfort in the abdomen
- Hernias near the belly button or groin
Anyone experiencing rapid weight gain along with these symptoms should seek medical attention promptly.
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