Many people experience short-term fluctuations in body weight—usually between 1 to 2 kilograms—over the course of about three weeks. These minor changes are often linked to alterations in eating patterns or daily routines.
However, a more noticeable or abrupt increase in weight may signal an underlying health issue that requires evaluation and treatment by a medical professional.
1. Medications
Certain prescription drugs can contribute to weight gain. Examples include:
- Antipsychotic medications
- Antidepressants
- Corticosteroids
- Medications used to manage blood sugar levels, such as those for diabetes
- Blood pressure treatments
- Insulin
While not every drug in these categories causes weight gain, a sudden increase in weight should prompt a consultation with a doctor before making any changes to the medication regimen.
2. Sleep Disturbances (Insomnia)
Some research indicates a potential relationship between poor sleep and higher body weight or obesity, although the findings are not always conclusive.
Lack of sleep can throw off the body’s circadian rhythm—its natural biological clock—which may impact:
- Hormones that control appetite
- How the body uses and burns energy
- Food cravings and preferences
3. Quitting Smoking
Gaining weight is a frequent side effect after stopping smoking.
Nicotine, the addictive substance in tobacco, tends to reduce appetite and increase metabolic rate. Once nicotine is no longer in the system, people often feel hungrier and may eat more, which can lead to added pounds.
4. Kidney Problems
Unexplained weight gain along with swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet may be a warning sign of kidney conditions such as nephrotic syndrome or kidney failure.
Healthy kidneys remove excess fluids and waste from the body. When they malfunction, fluid buildup can occur, leading to noticeable weight gain.
5. Liver Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis happens when healthy liver cells are gradually replaced by scar tissue. This scarring can cause fluid buildup in the abdomen—a condition known as ascites—which may result in:
- A rise in body weight
- Difficulty breathing
- Swelling in the lower limbs
- Abdominal pain or discomfort
- Hernias around the navel or groin
Anyone who notices rapid weight gain along with these symptoms should seek medical help immediately.
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